Gas burner



March 18, 1941. T. SYMMONDS GAS BURNER Filed April 20 1938 2Sheets-Sheet l March 1941- I T. SYMMONDS 21 235,689

GAS BURNER Filed April 20, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ,T/Lcv/zZa Zw f mmawIii 6 zg a Patented Mar.18, 1941 I 2,235,689

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GAS BURNER.

Theophilus Symmonds, Bufialo, N. Y.

Application April 20, 1938, Serial No. 203,119

7 Claims. (01. 158-1116) This invention relates to gas burners of the Astill further and very important object of type used in heatingapparatus, such as stoves, my invention is to provide a gas burner inwhich furnaces, and the like. the gas and air admission openings are sopro- One of the objects of my invention is to proportioned thatregulation under adjustment of vide a gas burner of the type mentioned,wherean air mixer is found unnecessary when such in the constructionthereof prevents the formamixer is associated with the pressureequalizing tion of carbon, so that a perfectly blue whitechamber of myimproved burner, tipped flame is assured at all times. A still furtherobject is to provide agas burner Another object of my invention is toprovide a with a mixture chamber so constructed that 10 burner in whichthe mixture of air and gas fed upon shutting off the supply of gasthereto, the 10 thereto is subjected to continual movement flame orflames of the ignited mixture will gradutherein during the process ofconsuming the gas ally diminish in size until completely extinso that amore eilicient mixture is assured at guished without the usual poppingnoise or withthe point or points of ignition. out possibility of themixture becoming ignited Another object of my invention is to provide inthe air mixer of the burner. 15 a gas chamber within the burner, aportion at With the above and other objects in view, my least of whichis above the plane of ignition of invention consists in a gas burnerhaving the the gas escaping from the burner. above mentioned and otheradvantages; and also Another object of my invention is to provide in thenovel features of construction and in the so a burner which iseconomical in gas consumption arrangement and combination of parts to beand in which the proper proportion of gas and air hereinafter describedand more particularly to form the combustible mixture is maintainedpointed out in the subjoined claims. at all times without the need ofregulating the In the drawings, supply of either the gas orair. Fig. 1is a transverse section of a gas burner Still another object is toprovide a b'a'flle above embodying my invention, it being of the type 25the flame or flames of the burner against which adapted for use in agas-burning stove'or heater.

they play to cause said bafiie to become red-hot Fig. 2 is a frontelevation of the gas burner. and thereby consume any products ofcombustion Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on line not fullyconsumed beneath the bafiie; said 3-3, Fig. 1.

baflie, by preference, having numerous openings Fig. 4 is a transversesection through a por- 30 therethrough so that the flames may also passtion of the gas burner taken on line 4-4, Fig. 3, through the baii'leand rise above the latter; the looking in the direction of the arrowcrossing construction being such that the unconsumed said line.

products beneath said bafile become ignited by Fig. 5 is a top plan viewof the main or inner v contact with said bafile and issue in flamesabove portion of the gas burner. 35 the baffle. Fig. 6 is a perspectiveview of a portion of A further object of my invention is to provide theupper part of the main .portion of the gas a comparatively large mixturechamber having burner with the bafiie removed therefrom. a portionextending above the plane of ignition Fig. 7 is a detached perspectiveview of the 40 of the mixture and in which portion the mixture baflle.4'0 is caused to expand from the efieots of the heat Fig. '8 is alongitudinal section through the air transferred to the burner above theplane of ignimixer and adjacent portions of the pipes contion. nectedtherewith.

A further object of my invention is to provide Fig. 9 is a cross sectiontaken on line 9-9, 4.5 a gas burner with a pressure equalizingchamberFig. 8. into which air and gas are passed and wherein Fig. 10 is acentral vertical section through a the air and gas constituents of themixture gas burner of modified formation, one particuthoroughlycommingle so as to assure a comlarly adapted for use in furnaces andlike heatbustible mixture of maximum efiiciency at the ing apparatus.

point or points of ignition; the said pressure Fig. 11 is a crosssection taken on line l-l :H, to

equalizing chamber being formed to cause the Fig. 10. combustiblemixture to travel in a circuitous Having referenceto Figs. 1 to 9, l2designates manner from the point of entranceo-f the conthe main or bodyportion of the burner which is stituent parts thereof into the chamberto the preferably cast to form and made hollow so :as point or points ofignition thereof. to provide Wha I term a p q l n *55 mixture chamberdesignated by the numeral I3. In preferred form this body portion has afront wall l4 formed in two sections, I l and [4 which are connectedtogether by a horizontal wall I5, a rear wall [5, a bottom wall I1, anda rounded top wall [8. By forming the front wall of the mixture chamberin two sections and connecting them by the horizontal or what I term aflame wall 15, said front wall has ofiset sections; the upper section Il thereof and the rear wall l6 merging to form the rounded top wall [8.The upper portion of the mixture chamber is therefore diminished indepth; and that portion thereof so diminished or reduced in size Iutilize as an expansion chamber and designate by the numeral l9. 7

Threaded into the bottom wall I! is a mixture admission pipe 20, ontothe lower end of which is threaded an air mixer 2|. This air mixer hasan upwardly or inwardly tapering body portion 22 terminating at itsupper or inner end in a nipple 23 into which said pipe 20 is threaded,and its enlarged or outer end is equipped with an axialinwardly-extending cone 24 connected to the peripheral wall of the airmixer by diametrically disposed arms 25.

The axial inwardly-extending cone and said arms 25 form a spider-likestructure within said mixer of which the said cone is the center. Thiscone is slightly truncated and made hollow to receive a gas supply pipe28, and in the truncated end of this hollow cone a comparatively smallgas inlet-opening 2'! is formed, it being preferably an opening formedwith a forty-seven drill, as compared to the air-inlet of the mixer ofapproximately two square inches.

In the horizontal or flame wall [5 of the gas burner proper or bodyportion I2, mixture escape openings or outlets 28 are formed. These areclosely spaced and direct the flames, when the mixture issuing therefromis ignited, in an upward direction. The horizontal plane in which thesemixture escape openings or outlets are arranged determines the lowerlimt of the expansion chamber [9. Whether or not diminished in size, allthat portion of the chamber [3 above this plane, which I also term theplane or region of ignition, is considered the expansion chamber, due tothe fact that such portion is subjected to heat of the burning mixture.This causes the gas within the expansion chamber to be preheated, andunder pressure of the entering mixture find its way to the plane ofignition, where it escapes through the openings or outlets 28 andresults in perfectly blue flames with white tips; thus guarding againstthe formation of carbon and assuring greatest heat efliciency.

Along the upper section H! of the front wall, a horizontal supportingledge 29 is formed, and in a plane at which said upper section meets therounded upper wall I8, an upstanding flange 30 is formed. Recesses 3|are formed exteriorly in the body portion or burner proper I2 atopposite ends; and spaced from the rear and bottom walls of theserecesses are anchor bars 32 for a purpose to presently appear.

33 designates a bailie which has its main portion of channel formation,and rising from the upper side thereof along the greater part of itsrear marginal portion is a hook-shaped flange 34. Spaced from oppositeends of said flange 34 and extending rearwardly from the body portion ofthe bafile are hooks 35. The rear wall or flange 36 of thischannel-shaped bafile bears against the front wall of the upper sectionl4 chor bars 32.

secure manner and the flames issuing from the of the chamber l3, and thelower edge thereof receives support from the ledge 29. The front wall orflange 31 of said bafile is slightly wider than the rear wall or flange33 so that it extends below the plane at which the rear wall or flangereceives support from the ledge 29; thus more effectively confining theflames to a region where the transfer of heat therefrom will be mostefficient. The connecting web 38 of this channelshaped body portion isprovided with numerous openings 39, somewhat larger than the openings 28in the burner proper.

When this bafile is in position it not only receives support from theledge 29, but the hookshaped flange 34 is hooked over the upstandingflange 30 on the burner and the hooks 35 at opposite ends of the bafileare hooked onto the an- Thus the 'bafile is supported in a openings oroutlets 28 rise upwardly and play against the inner surfaces of saidbaflie, and when a full supply of gas is furnished, the burner and themixture therein is maintained under constant pressure, the flames of theburner also pass up through the openings 39 in the baflle. Should anyunconsumed products of combustion reach the bafile, they will becomeignited by the latter owing to its red-hot condition which will bemaintained after the flames have properly heated the same.

I desire to state at this time that the mixture escape openings oroutlets 28 are quite numerous, as will be seen from the number ofnipples 50 shown rising from the horizontal or flame Wall [5. Theseopenings are formed through these nipples and are approximatelyone-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, their aggregate area being suchthat the size of the mixture admission pipe Zil will furnish suflioientgas mixture to the interior of the burner to allow the building up ofpressure in the pressure-equalizing mixture chamber l3 so that theflames issuing from the escape openings 28 are constant and do not varyin size.

The gas mixture entering the chamber i3 is, by reason of the smallescape openings 28, practically maintained at a pressure governed by thepressure behind the gas supply, and it rises to the top of the chamberwhere it is pro-heated and caused to expand by transfer of the heat fromthe wall of the expansion chamber, which is heated by contact of thebaffle 33 therewith and the effect of the flames issuing from the escapeopenings 28. This pro-heated gas is drawn upon as required at the escapeopenings 28, and by reason of the fact that the gas mixture is inconstant motion within the pressureequalizing mixture chamber l3, athorough commingling of the constituent parts in this mixture is assuredto efiect, as near as possible, a perfect combustible mixture.

By providing the burner with a pressureequalizing mixture chamber andcausing constant motion of the mixture within the chamher under pressureof the inflowing mixture and the consumption of the mixture furnished atthe ignition points, a perfectly blue and hot flame is assured. Theseflames and the heat therefrom are trapped or confined within the bafile33 by the parallel walls or flanges 36 and 31, and the foraminous topwall 38, with the result that this bafile becomes red hot; and shouldany unconsumed products of combustion escape from the flames, they willbe brought into contact with the red hot baflieand' be fully consumedthereby. The flames may issue through the perforations or openings inthe 'baifie and any products of combustion escaping through theseperforations or openings become ignited and result in the formation offlames above the bafile. It will be apparent that by reason of theconstruction shown, the heat of the baille, to the extent mentioned,will cause the upper portion of the burner to become well heated, withthe result that the portion of the gas-mixture within the expansionchamber I9 will become preheated, and that both the baffle and theburner casing radiate heat, as Well as the flames directly.

Incorporated in my improvedburner is an outer casing or heat circul-ator4| which almost entirely surrounds the burner proper. It conforms inshape somewhat to thatof the exterior of the burner proper and thereforehas 'a front wall 42' whose upper end terminates substantially in theignition plane of the burner, a bottom wall 33 into which said frontwall merges, a rear wall 44, and a rounded top wall into which said rearwall merges. These walls are separated from the burner proper by anintervening space 45. A portion of the front of this outer casing orheat circulator is open, as at 41, the opening extending the full widththereof, and in height rising from approximately the plane or region ofignition to the upper side of the baffie so that the major portion ofthe heat from the flame and baffies may escape through said opening.

Due to the fact that the flames may at times rise above the baille, thisouter casing becomes well heated and the heated air within theintervening space it, which may be referred to as a hot-air circulationpassage, travels downwardly in rear of the burner proper, thenceforwardly underneath the latter, and finally upward so as to impingeagainst the flames of the burner, thereby supplying heated air whichaids materially in the combustion of the gas mixture.

This outer casing or heat circulator also has end walls 48 which closethe opposite ends of the hot-air circulation passage 45; and in order tosecure the same in place, securing lugs 49 are cast on the burner properat opposite ends thereof; securing screws being passed through the endwalls 48 and threaded into said securing lugs. This outer casing or heatcirculator may, however, be secured in place in any other approvedmanner.

In the modification of my invention illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11, allthe essential features of the burner illustrated in the precedingfigures of the drawings are retained, but the burner differsin formationof the parts. In these figures the mixture admission pipe is alsodesignated by the numeral 20; the main or body portion of the burner bythe numeral l2 into the lower end of which said mixture admission pipeis threaded. The main or body portion is cylindrical in cross sectionand the upper portion thereof reduced in diameter to form the expansioncham- 'in'gs or outlets, which I designate 28 in this instance.

The baflle, designated 33 is in the form of a cap having a reduced upperend 5| open at the top, as at 52, to form an inwardly-extendingsupporting flange 53. The reduced upper portion of this cap-like baffleis of a size to easily receive the upper end of the main or body portionof the burner, (and the lower portion is of a diameter somewhat greaterthan the lower portion of said body portion so that the flames issuingfrom the mixture escape openings or outlets 28 are trapped or confinedWithin this bafile. By reducing the upper end of this caplike baffle ashoulder wall 54 is provided from which depends a cylindrical confiningwall serving the same purpose as the parallel depending walls or flanges36 and 3'! of the bafile shown in the preceding figures. The shoulderwall 5 acts in the same manner as the top wall 38 of the b aille shownin the preceding figures,

that the upper portion of the expansion chamher W becomes heated. Theaction of the mixture in this instance is quite similar to that takingplace in the burner illustrated in the preceding figures, or what may betermed the preferred construction of burner, and all the advantages ofthe preferred construction are retained. If desired, this constructionmay also have a heat circulator applied thereto, but this is notgenerally considered necessary for burners installed in boilers orfurnaces.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that this burner is veryeconomical in that the inlet orifice for the gas is exceedingly small,yet provides sufficient gas, when properly mixed with air and treated asmy improved burner provides, to furnish a mixture for the large numberof mixture escape; openings or outlets while assuring a perfectly blueflame with practically no unconsumed gases escaping therefrom, to meetany given requirement. Therefore my improved burner will furnish heatwith a gas consumption much less than has heretofore been possible.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A gas burner having a hollow body portion provided with an upwardlyfacing wall portion, said wall portion having mixture escape openingstherein, and a baffle disposed above said upwardly facing wall portionand having openings the-rein through which the flames issuing from saidmixture escape openings may pass, said baffle having a dependingconfining wall terminating at its lower end in spaced relation to saidupwardly facing wall.

2. A gas! burner, comprising a body portion having a pressure equalizingchamber restricted at its upper end to form a mixture expansion chamber,said body portion having a horizontal wall portion formed by restrictingthe upper end of said pressure equalizing chamber, a mixture inlet forsaid pressure equalizing chamber, said horizontal wall portion having aseries of mixture escape openings, an upwardly extending flange on saidbody portion, and a bafile having a hook-shaped flange engaging saidupwardly extending flange, said bafile being situated over saidhorizontal wall portion and against which the flames of the burner play.

3. A gas burner, comprising a body portion having a pressure equalizingchamber restricted at its upper end to form a mixture expansion chamber,said body portion having a horizontal wall portion formed by restrictingthe upper end of said! pressure equalizing chamber, a mixture inlet forsaid pressure equalizing chamber, said horizontal wall portion having aseries of mixture escape openings, an upwardly extending flange on saidbody portion and a forwardly extending ledge in a plane beneath saidflange, and a baifie having a hook portion engaging said upwardlyextending flange and a depending wall resting on said forwardlyextending ledge, said bafiie having openings therethrough and beingsituated above said horizontal wall portion.

4. A gas burner, comprising a body portion having a pressure equalizingchamber restricted at its upper end to form a mixture expansion chamber,said body portion having a horizontal wall portion formed by restrictingthe upper end of said pressure equalizing chamber, a mixture inlet forsaid pressure equalizing chamber, said horizontal wall portion having aseries of mixture escape openings, said body portion having recesses atits upper end and anchor bars in said recesses, and a bafile situatedover said horizontal wall portion and having hooks engaging said anchorbars.

5. A gas burner, comprising a body portion having a pressure equalizingchamber restricted at its upper end to form a mixture expansion chamber,said body portion having a horizontal wall portion formed by restrictingthe upper end of said pressure equalizin chamber, a mixture inlet forsaid pressure equalizing chamber, said horizontal wall portion having aseries of mixture escape openings and said body portion having ahorizontal supporting ledge near its upper end and recesses at its upperend provided with anohor bars extending through said recesses, and abafile having a horizontal wall, an inner depending wall and an outerdepending wall and being provided with hooks engaging said anchor 'bars,the inner of said depending walls restin upon said horizontal supportingledge.

6. A gas burner, comprising a hollow body portion restricted at itsupper end to provide an upwardly facing wall portion between the upperand lower ends of said body portion, said wall portion having aplurality of mixture escape openings serving to direct flames upwardlywhen the mixture escaping through said escape openings is ignited, and abafile spaced from and supported above said upwardly facing wall portionand having a depending wall along its outer edge to confine the flamesfrom the burner between said depending wall portion and the restrictedupper end of said body portion and to cause said flames to heat saidbafiie and the restricted upper end of said body portion.

7. A gas burner, comprising a hollow body portion restricted at itsupper end to provide an upwardly facing wall portion between the upperand lower ends of said body portion, said wall portion having aplurality of mixture escape openings serving to direct flames upwardlytherefrom when the mixture escaping through said escape openings isignited, and a baffie supported by the restricted upper part of saidhollow body portion and overhanging said upwardly facing wall, saidbaffie having openings therein and a depending wall spaced from therestricted upper end of said body portion.

THEOPHILUS SYMMONDS.

